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Authors
Chowdhury, Arnab https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-1098
Powell, Rachel E.
Kennedy, Jason N.
Urbanek, Kelly L.
Angus, Derek C.
Chang, Chung-Chou H.
Tang, Lu
Weis, Sebastian
Bauer, Michael
Shankar-Hari, Manu
Seymour, Christopher W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM119519)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R21GM144851)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007820)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to the submitted work.
: This study followed the STROBE reporting guideline for cohort studies. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the University of Pittsburgh Human Research Protection Office. Because the study used clinical data and remnant biospecimens collected as part of routine care and posed no more than minimal risk, the Institutional Review Board granted a waiver of informed consent with authorization under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data. Consent for publication is therefore not applicable.
