Funding for this research was provided by:
CHRU de Tours
Article History
Received: 9 April 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of interest: Prof. Li discloses research funding from MEKICS Co. Ltd, Vincent Ltd, COPD Foundation, American Association for Respiratory Care, Charles and Margaret Roberts Fund, and the Peter T. Roumbos Founding, and speaker fees from American Association for Respiratory Care, Aerogen Ltd, and Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Ltd. Prof. Ehrmann declares consultancies for Aerogen Ltd, research support, lecture fees and travel support from Aerogen Ltd and Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, intellectual property licensing to JIB. Other authors do not have conflict of interest to disclose.
Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.