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Authors
Nikolova, Milena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-760X
de Wit, Juliette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-0172
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (406.XS.01.062)
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly and ChatGPT [version 5.2] to edit some of the writing of the paper. In addition, we consulted Refine.ink to identify potential inconsistencies and improve the internal coherence of the manuscript. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: Milena Nikolova is an Editor of the Journal of Population Economics . She has no further competing interests. Juliette de Wit has no competing interests to disclose.
