Funding for this research was provided by:
Theme-based Research Scheme from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (T22-501/23-R)
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Article History
Received: 28 January 2025
Revised: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The numerical results presented in this study can be reproduced using the topology optimization algorithm proposed herein. Additional information is available upon reasonable request.