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Authors
Jiang, Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-2071
Liu, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-1726
Cheng, Ming-Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8092-5457
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (ECCS-2003307, OAC-2118079)
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Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Revised: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
: Detailed derivations and procedures of the methodology are provided in the manuscript to enable replication of the results.
