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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canada Research Chairs Program
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Revised: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.
: All the key formulas for the calculation and materials for the experiments have been provided in the article. If the reader is interested, the Python codes for the Arc-Length (Riks) method and data for replication can be provided upon request by contacting the corresponding author via email.
