Tfaily, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-3437
Bartoli, Nathalie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-2203
Diouane, Youssef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6609-7330
Kokkolaras, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-3393
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canad (RGPIN 436193-24)
Article History
Received: 20 April 2025
Revised: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
: This paper has provided all the necessary information and equations to reproduce the analytical results. The main code for obtaining the analytical results is available in the following Github repository: . Due to Bombardier intellectual property considerations, the simulation software to produce industrial application case results cannot be shared.