Simpson-Gomez, Joshua
Kundu, Rahul Dev
Li, Weichen
Stynoski, Peter
Zhang, Xiaojia Shelly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-8637
Funding for this research was provided by:
Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (#W9132T2220013)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-0297)
National Defense Education Program (SMART Scholarship)
Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Revised: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: All necessary data to reproduce the results are included in the paper. Additional data will be made available upon request.