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Multi-objective optimization of tunnel shaft structure for high-speed railway based on genetic algorithm

Published Online: 2026-05-02

Published Print: 2026-05

Authors

Sun, Yichao

Du, Liming https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6118-2784
Kang, Shunde

Zhang, Xiaojie
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11872136)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11202043)

Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (201602112)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-01

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-01
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Article History

Received: 17 February 2025

Revised: 16 September 2025

Accepted: 7 April 2026

First Online: 2 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors state that the paper includes all the data necessary to reproduce the results. The code supporting the results of this paper is available by contacting the corresponding author.

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