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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Revised: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Penn State University (Protocol No. 00001132).

: The authors consent to publication.

: Not applicable

: Not applicable

: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.

: All study materials and detailed methodological information are provided within the main manuscript and appendices. These include the full persona descriptions used in the experiment, the design prompt presented to participants, the design description prompt that the researcher presented to participants, the design description survey question, coding rubrics with example excerpts, inter-coder reliability statistics, sample sketches developed by participants, and additional de-identified participant quotes supporting the qualitative findings. No further supplementary files are provided.