Chowdhry, Majid
Burchette, Daniel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-7277
Whelan, Danny
Nathens, Avery
Marks, Paul
Wasserstein, David
Article History
Received: 27 March 2019
Accepted: 11 September 2019
First Online: 26 September 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: Avery Nathens: I am an employee of the American College of Surgeons and have oversight of the database that was used for this analysis. No other conflicts of interest were declared by any other authors.
: No external funding was received towards this study.
: This study was reviewed by the Research Ethics Board of Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. The research ethics board determined that an Informed Consent Form (ICF) is not required for this study; consent requirements, if applicable, have been otherwise dealt with in accordance with Article 3.7 and/or 5.5 of TCPS2. Project Indetification Number 287-2019.