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Authors
Wang, Fengbiao
Pang, Qiusheng
Luo, Sai
Sun, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Basic Science and Research Project of Educational Department of Liaoning province (LJ212410144031)
the Key Laboratory for Precision/Non-conventional machining and micromanufacturing technology of ministry of education, Dalian University of Technology (B202001)
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2024
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 5 May 2025
Declarations
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: We declare this research belongs to the field of machining and manufacturing. Only machine tools, alloys, and inorganic liquid nitrogen are employed to be tested, and that does not involve any organic life, such as people, animals, and plants. The issues of life science and ethics research are not involved or considered, either.
: This study was conducted by the corresponding author under the guidance of the professor named Yongqing Wang at Dalian University of Technology. The involved researchers have been listed in the article, and all authors have no objections.
: The authors confirm the work has not been published before and does not consider other places. Its publication has been approved by all co-authors. The author agrees to publish the article in Springer’s corresponding English-language journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
