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Authors
Liu, Qiang
Shen, Bin
Ma, Jing
Zhang, Haijun
Liu, Jiaqi
Tang, Haoran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology (Ministry of Education), Harbin University of Science and Technology (KFKT202201)
Heilongjiang Provincial Technological Innovation Center of Efficient Molding of Composite Materials and Intelligent Equipment (HPTIC202202)
Manufacturing Science and Technology Innovation Talents Project of Harbin City (2022HBRCCG008)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2024
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: The content studied in this article belongs to the field of metal processing and does not involve humans and animals. This article strictly follows the accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct.
: My co-authors and I would like to opt in to In Review.
: I agree with the Copyright Transfer Statement.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
