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Authors
Zhang, Anshan
He, Xiangchun
Ni, Jiansong
Liu, Xianli
Wang, Shancheng
Wang, Zuopeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2024E081)
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 13 September 2025
Declarations
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: The content studied in this article belongs to the field of metal processing, which does not involve humans and animals. This article strictly follows the accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
