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Authors
Xia, Wei
Liu, Xianli
Yue, Caixu
Geng, Bowen
Zhang, Juntao
Guo, Yandong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (TD2022E003)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175393)
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2024
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 12 October 2025
Declarations
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: The content studied in this article belongs to the field of metal processing and does not involve humans and animals. This article strictly follows the accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct.
: My co-authors and I would like to opt in to In Review.
: I agree with the Copyright Transfer Statement.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
