Benharkat, Nour El Houda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5151-9553
Bentaalla Kaced, Souad
Chakhrit, Ammar
Chergui, Abdelmalek
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study involved non-intrusive workplace observations during standard work shifts. All participants were informed of the study’s purpose and provided verbal consent to participate in the observation. The study did not involve personal interviews, identifiable data, or any form of intervention. At the time of the research, there was no formal ethics committee or institutional review board (IRB) available at the researcher’s institution or region. Organizational approval was obtained from the company’s director, and ethical guidelines for human subjects research were followed in accordance with international standards. A copy of the company’s written authorization is available upon request.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.