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Authors
Liu, Zhiwen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-1344
Ma, Yuntong
Huang, Jie
Yan, Ping
Xu, Congchang
Liu, Xiao
Li, Luoxing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52005244，U20A20275)
Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (25A0318)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2021JJ30573)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ50510)
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body (No. 31715011)
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Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 7 February 2026
First Online: 1 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors understand and approve the ethical responsibilities of the authors.
: The authors consent to participate.
: The authors consent to transfer copyright of the article to publish.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. All referenced images have obtained copyright.
