Lin, Lydia Hsiao-Mei
Ting, Fang-Kai
Liao, Shu-Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-9843
Hsieh, Chia-Hsun
Ho, Chia-Hsuan
Lu, Simon Hung-Yi
Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han
Article History
Received: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that this study was funded by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan; Harbor Technology Solutions Co., Ltd.; CHIMES AI, Inc.; and the Taiwan Artificial Intelligence Association. The funders had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of the results.