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Authors
Messie, Herman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-447X
Nenzhelele, Tshifhiwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-0346
Malada, Dakalo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5035-3939
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tshwane University of Technology
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Use of generative AI: While preparing this manuscript, the authors used generative AI tools to improve the language, grammar, and readability of the text. The authors reviewed and edited all AI-generated suggestions and take full responsibility for the content of this publication.
Consent to participate: Not applicable
Consent for publication: Not applicable
Conflict of interest: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article
