Xiao, Xia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5890-1394
Zhang, Chen-hua
Yang, Yan-Meng
Yan, Wei-wei
Li, Xiao-jing
Shang, Hui-ling
Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 15 June 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Declarations
:
: All procedures were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Handan First Hospital. Approval Number: HDYY-LL-KY2018-K02.We signed formal medical ethics review reports and obtained written informed consent from all mothers and their families.
: The authors declare that there is no personal or professional conflict of interest regarding the work reported in this article. This is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official view of the Science and Technology Bureau or Handan Municipal First Hospital.