Gupta, A.
Cha, T.
Schwab, J.
Fogel, H.
Tobert, D.
Cho, S.
Hecht, A.
Bono, C. M.
Hershman, S.
Article History
Received: 17 July 2020
Accepted: 1 September 2020
First Online: 15 September 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: None.
: This study is exempt from IRB approval as it utilizes data from the de-identified American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database.
: Not applicable.