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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 15 June 2025

First Online: 11 July 2025

Declarations

:

: JA Kanis led the team that developed FRAX as director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases; he is a director of Osteoporosis Research Ltd that maintains FRAX. EV McCloskey, WD Leslie, M Lorentzon, NC Harvey, M Schini, E Liu, L Vandenput, and H Johansson are members of the FRAX team. JA Kanis, NC Harvey, and EV McCloskey are members of the advisory body to the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group. M Schini received funding for her fellowship from the Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing, from the Osteoporosis 2000 support group, and from Roche Diagnostics and honoraria from MA Health care and Kyowa Kirin—all unrelated to this work.Dr. Johansson received lecture fees from UCB Pharma outside the scope of this work. Dr. Axelsson received personal fees from Amgen, Meda/Mylan, and Lilly, also outside the scope of this work.EV McCloskey has received consultancy/lecture fees/grant funding/honoraria from AgNovos, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Consilient Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, GSK, Hologic, Internis, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, ObsEva, Pfizer, Radius Health, Redx Oncology, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, ViiV, Warner Chilcott and I3 Innovus. M. Lorentzon has received lecture fees from Amgen, Astellas, Meda, Jansen-Cilag, Medison Pharma, Gedeon Richter, UCB Pharma, and consulting fees from Amgen, UCB Pharma, Medac, Gedeon Richter, Pharmacosmos, and Parexel International, all outside the presented research. NC Harvey has received consultancy/lecture fees/honoraria/grant funding from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, MSD, Eli Lilly, Ra- dius Health, Servier, Shire, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, Consilient Healthcare, Theramex, and Internis Pharma. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

: The funders were not involved in the design or conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Drs Zoulakis and Lorentzon had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.