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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Access to the data was granted through the NORCHER project at the University of Oslo, WP2 High need, high-cost patients. The NORCHER project received exemption from confidentiality requirements by the Regional Ethics Committee (REK) on October 5, 2020 (project number 170128), and approved Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) from the University of Oslo (project number 516162) granted October 20, 2020. All data analyses and processing were conducted within the TSD (Services for Sensitive Data) infrastructure, owned by the University of Oslo and operated by the University’s TSD service group within the IT Department (USIT).

: None.

: Data from the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Municipal Patient Registry, the Cause of Death Registry, and Statistics Norway are used in the project. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the sole responsibility of the authors, and no endorsement by the registry owners is intended, nor should be inferred.