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Authors
Niimi, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-0674
Kobayakawa, Tomonori
Etani, Yuki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-5969
Noguchi, Takaaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-6780
Sugimoto, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4784-5526
Nakata, Ken https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8964-4229
Okada, Seiji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-8209
Hasegawa, Masahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-2003
Ebina, Kosuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-1024
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Osaka
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 21 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: RN has received payments for lectures from Amgen, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, and Teijin Pharma. TK has received payments for lectures from AbbVie, Amgen, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Teijin Pharma, and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. YE received research grants and/or speaker fees from Amgen, Asahi Kasei, Eisai, and Taisho. YE is affiliated with the Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, supported by Asahi Kasei. KE has received research grants from Asahi Kasei, Eisai, and Teijin Pharma and speaker fees from Amgen, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Taisho, and UCB Japan. KE holds an additional post of the Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, supported by Asahi Kasei. KN received a research grant from Astellas and supervises the Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, supported by Asahi Kasei. TN, AS, SO, and MH declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
