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Authors
Axelsson, Kristian F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-6038
Litsne, Henrik
Harvey, Nicholas C.
Kanis, John A.
McCloskey, Eugene
Johansson, Helena
Lorentzon, Mattias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-1431
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet
Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse
Svenska Läkaresällskapet
Skaraborg Institute
Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
Västra Götalandsregionen
Medical Research Council
National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: ML has received lecture fees from Astellas, Amgen, UCB Pharma, Medison Pharma, Gedeon Richter, Jansen-Cilag, Medac, and Pharmacosmos and consulting fees from UCB Pharma, Sandoz, Alexion, Gedeon Richter, Medac, Pharmacosmos, Parexel International, and Crinetics, all outside the submitted work. KFA, HL, and HJ have no conflicts of interest. NCH reports personal fees, consultancy, lecture fees, and honoraria from Alliance for Better Bone Health, AMGEN, MSD, Eli Lilly, Servier, Echolight, Theramex, Shire, Consilient Healthcare, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, and Internis Pharma, outside the submitted work. JAK led the team that developed FRAX. He is a director of Osteoporosis Research Ltd which maintains FRAX. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group, UK. EV McCloskey has received consultancy/lecture fees/grant funding/honoraria from AgNovos, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Consilient Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, GSK, Hologic, Internis, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Radius Health, Redx Oncology, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, ViiV, Warner Chilcott and I3 Innovus, and is Director of Osteoporosis Research Ltd.
