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Authors
Su, Peng
Zhang, Biao
Xie, Lujia
Yang, Tianyu
Li, Yongjian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Natural Science Foundation of China (52407072, 52477043 and 52130710, W2511061)
the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2024202205 and E2024202298)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3122025PT20)
Project of the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (24JCQNJC00160)
Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project (No.25ZXZSSS0050)
Smart Gird-National Science and Technology Major Project (2026ZD0813404)
the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology “Breakthrough” Initiative-Open Competition Project (2025KJTW0001)
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Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
