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Authors
Oller, Adriana R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-3437
Heim, Katherine https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0503-8158
Brouwers, Tony
Barroso, João https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-1808
Prieto, Pilar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9275-6248
Viegas, Vanessa
Verougstraete, Violaine T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-0454
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eurometaux
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2024
Accepted: 13 March 2025
First Online: 18 June 2025
Declarations
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: Corresponding author (ARO) is an independent consultant and has received funding from Eurometaux, NiPERA and Cobalt Institute in the last 3 years. Co-author (VTV) works for Eurometaux which is a European metals’ association. Co-author (KH) works for NiPERA which is a nickel industry research association. Co-author (VV) works for the Cobalt Institute which is a cobalt industry association. Co-author (TB) works for BioXQ, the testing lab that carried out the research. Co-authors (JB, PP) work at European Commission, Joint Research Centre (Italy) and were the Lead submitters for an OECD project to develop a Test Guideline based on a metal release protocol (HCl 0.032 M). All the opinions in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect their employers’ position.
