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Article History

Received: 18 May 2025

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: All experimental protocols in this study strictly adhered to the Helsinki Declaration and relevant international and domestic ethical guidelines. The use and handling procedures of experimental animals were approved by the Animal Protection and Use Committee of The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University (Approval Number: [D2024-903]). Throughout the research process, we consistently followed the “3R Principles” (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) to maximize animal welfare and minimize the number of animals used as well as their suffering. All experimental procedures were performed by professionally trained researchers to ensure the scientific integrity and ethical compliance of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.