Bashirah, Ruqayyah A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7775-2161
Zamri, Nur Balqis https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6810-9466
Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-8580
Ismail, Saila
Masarudin, Mas Jaffri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0695-2136
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable – the study used established human cell lines and does not involve animals or patient material.
: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests.