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Authors
Zhang, Wei
Liu, Ziqi
Dong, Changle
Yang, Huimin
Zhang, Yunchao
Li, Shuo
Qiu, Yinsheng
Xu, Lingyun
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 11 October 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in vitro using hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, which were isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma tissue obtained from a 15-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with liver cancer. The cells were sourced from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (Wuhan, China). The Biomedical Ethics Committee of Wuhan Polytechnic University had confirmed that ethical approval was not required for this study.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
