Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 August 2025

Accepted: 18 January 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: T.L. reports personal fees and others from Bayer and Pfizer outside of the submitted work. T.L. is a co-founder of Varoli, a company focussing on lab-waste recycling. T.L. reports research funding from Stiftung Universitaetsmedizin Essen. T.R. reports personal fees and others from Edwards, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, and AstraZeneca and Pfizer outside of the submitted work. T.R. is a co-founder of Bimyo, a company focusing on the development of cardioprotective peptides. T.R. is co-founder of Mycor GmbH, a company focusing on the development of AI-based ECG-algorithms. L.M. reports personal fees from Bayer, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, IFFM e.V., and from Bund der Niedergelassenen Kardiologen (BNK) outside of the submitted work. L.M. reports research funding from Bayer for an investigator/institution sponsored collaborative study outside the submitted work. L.M. reports research funding from Stiftung Universitaetsmedizin Essen. All other authors report no conflict of interest.