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Authors
Binmahfouz, Lenah S.
Bagher, Amina M.
Binmahfouz, Najlaa S.
Abdel-Naim, Ashraf B.
Shaik, Rasheed A.
Bangitah, Ahad A.
Karkashan, Salma H.
Alsaggaf, Sarah A.
Shukr, Shimaa A.
Alkinani, Khadijah B.
Eid, Basma G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdulaziz University (IPP: 973-249-2025.)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Approval No. PH-1445–35).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
