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Authors
Zheng, Yingming
Guo, Heng
Song, Wanqing
Luo, Xiao
Yang, Hongge
Lu, Zhenning
Li, Xingang
Li, Dandan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.7244461)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (No.Z230021)
Chronic Disease Management Research Project of National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center (GWJJMB202510041118)
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 29 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital, which waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study and as all procedures were part of routine care. To ensure confidentiality, all patient identifiers were anonymized during analysis.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
