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Article History

Received: 25 February 2025

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 14 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the University of Sydney’s Human Research Ethics Committee (2023/269) and conducted in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment (i.e., any information/data being obtained).

: Not applicable.

: D.M., R.G., L.S., K.W., J.C.A. and I.S.M. receive salary support from the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics. D.M. has received consulting fees from Medicinal Cannabis Industry Australia (MCIA), J.C.A has received consulting fees from MCIA, Haleon and Creo Inc., and I.S.M. has received fees/honoraria from MCIA, Althea and Janssen and has consulted for Kinoxis Therapeutics and Psylo. D.M., J.C.A and I.S.M have served as expert witnesses in medicolegal cases involving cannabis and cannabinoids. J.C.A. and I.S.M are also named as inventors on patents relating to novel cannabinoid therapeutics (PCT/AU2018/05089 and PCT/AU2019/050554). ISM is an inventor on patents WO2017004674, WO2018107216, WO2020102857 and AU2022240104 licensed to Kinoxis Therapeutics, involving the use of novel small molecules (non-cannabinoid) to treat addictions, social deficits, opioid withdrawal and aggression.

: D.M., R.G., L.S., K.W., J.C.A. and I.S.M. receive salary support from the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics. D.M. has received consulting fees from Medicinal Cannabis Industry Australia (MCIA), J.C.A has received consulting fees from MCIA, Haleon and Creo Inc., and I.S.M. has received consulting fees from MCIA, Kinoxis Therapeutics and Janssen. D.M., J.C.A and I.S.M have served as expert witnesses in medicolegal cases involving cannabis and cannabinoids. J.C.A. and I.S.M are also named as inventors on patents relating to novel cannabinoid therapeutics (PCT/AU2018/05089 and PCT/AU2019/050554).