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Authors
Trøstheim, Martin
Berey, Benjamin L.
Aston, Elizabeth R.
Gullo, Matthew J.
Hogarth, Lee
Simpson, Graham
Broomby, Rupert
Morgan, Celia J.
Carlyle, Molly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-814X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oslo
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: The analyses presented in this article used data from secondary outcome measures collected during the previously reported PROACT study (‘Pain and Responses to Opioids After Childhood Trauma’; IRAS ID 240232), which was reviewed and accepted by the NHS Research Ethics Committee 6 Apr 2018 (REC reference: 18/WA/0098).
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave written, witnessed, informed consent.
: All authors have approved the final manuscript.
: None to declare. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views or policy of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
