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Article History

Received: 5 December 2025

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Australian Catholic University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC ID: 2019-71H). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in this study.

: ISRCTN Registry Identifier: ISRCTN76056942 (Mapping short-term brain changes in cannabis users). Submission date: 28/04/2020. Registration date: 12/05/2020. The registration of data and interventions is described here: ISRCTN76056942 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76056942 (DOI: ).

: Ms Emillie Beyer reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Martine Skumlien reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Govinda Poudel is the founder, director and CTO of BrainCast Pty Ltd which has developed novel brain imaging markers for monitoring brain injury.- Arush Honnedevasthana Arun reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Eugene McTavish reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Hannah Thomson contracts for Syneos Health Learning Solutions, with the Insights and Evidence Generation Team in Patient Insights and Assessment Research (Implementation Science).- Dr Hannah Sehl reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Rebecca Segrave has no financial relationships with commercial interests- Dr Adam Clemente reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Izelle Labuschagne is the founder and director of Complete Thesis Support, which provides developmental programs for research students.- Professor Peter Rendell reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Associate Professor Gill Terrett reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Lisa-Marie Greenwood reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Dr Victoria Manning was the Founder, CEO, Director and a shareholder of Cognitive Training Solutions Pty Ltd between March 2021 and Aug 2023, which commercialised the SWiPE app which delivers Cognitive Bias Modification to reduce alcohol use.- Professor Sunjeev Kamboj reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Professor Tom Freeman reports no financial relationships with commercial interests. - Dr Chao Suo reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.- Professor Valentina Lorenzetti reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.