Towers, Eleanor Blair
Williams, Ivy L.
Qillawala, Emaan I.
Setaro, Ben
Hsu, Kyle A.
Lynch, Wendy J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1F30DA057808-01)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA24716)
Medical Sciences Training Grant (T32GM007267)
Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 7 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics statement: All animal protocols were reviewed and approved by The University of Virginia Animal Care and Use Committee.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.