Reinstadler, Vera
Lierheimer, Stefan
Boettcher, Michael
Oberacher, Herbert
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck
Article History
Received: 1 August 2018
Revised: 5 November 2018
Accepted: 19 November 2018
First Online: 6 December 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
: Patient samples were collected from opiate addicts in psychiatric hospitals or outpatients in maintenance therapy. At therapy start, all patients gave their consent to provide oral fluid samples for regular control via drug screening. The attending physicians commissioned the involved laboratories to accomplish the requested screening of fully anonymized oral fluid samples.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.