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Authors
Piper, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-6693
Geyer, Hans
Nieschlag, Eberhard
Bally, Lia
Thevis, Mario
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Partnership for Clean Competition
Manfred-Donike Institute for Doping Analysis
Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat
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Article History
Received: 26 April 2021
Revised: 20 May 2021
Accepted: 26 May 2021
First Online: 18 June 2021
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee at the German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and the ethics committee Bern, Switzerland.
: Samples investigated as reference population were collected doping control samples anonymized before use, excretion study samples have been collected at the German Sport University Cologne and patient samples were collected at the University Hospital of Muenster and the University of Bern.
: All volunteers gave written consent.
: All volunteers agreed with publication of anonymized data.
: The authors have no conflict of interest.
