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Authors
Schmidtkunz, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-3558
Gries, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-3529
Küpper, Katja
Leng, Gabriele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-8759
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chemie Wirtschaftsförderungs-GmbH
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2022
Revised: 13 October 2022
Accepted: 19 December 2022
First Online: 12 January 2023
Declarations
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: The oral dose study [] in which human urine samples were obtained for the purpose of metabolism investigation and method development complied with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (1964 Declaration of Helsinki, including its later amendments). It had been reviewed by the Ethics Commission of the Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum under the reg. no. 15–5433. Written informed consent was provided by each participant of the study, after receiving the study design in written form [].Forty spot urine samples from persons without occupational exposure to NP were sourced in the occupational biomonitoring programmes of our company. The participants in these programmes are comprehensively informed by occupational physicians of the Department of Health Protection about the biomonitoring examinations at the Institute of Biomonitoring. Participation is strictly voluntary for each worker and requires his or her informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
