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Authors
Chen, Rong
Wang, Mingyu
Nie, Hailiang
Zhang, Jinku
Yan, Hongyuan
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2025
Revised: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 9 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Medical Ethics Committee (No. HDFYLL-KY-2023–048) and have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards.
: Human urine samples were provided by Hebei University. Before the experiment started, all participants had detailed procedures introduced and signed informed consent documents.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
