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Authors
Chen, Long
Wang, Feng
Guo, Ziwen
Qiu, Tianyu
Chen, Feng
Cao, Yue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor program, 2022 Chunhui Program of Ministry of Education (HZKY20220178)
Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province China (BK20201351)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (21904068)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82225023)
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Revised: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures involving animals in this study have been approved by the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Nanjing Medical University (approval number: IACUC-2005016). All methods are implemented in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the committee.
: This study strictly follows the internationally recognized “3R principle” (substitution, reduction, optimization). All animals receive humane care during the experiment; try to reduce their pain, and stress; and enjoy a standard breeding environment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Human hemoglobin standard, mouse anti-human HGB monoclonal antibody, and anti-human HGB monoclonal antibody were acquired from Shanghai Huzhen. Goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies were procured from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai). Rat blood, fish blood, and rabbit blood were collected from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University.
