Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Revised: 30 September 2025

Accepted: 1 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All biological studies were carried out in strict accordance with the animal welfare guidelines of the World Organization for Animal Health. The bone and faucal samples were obtained from animals that were already deceased. The samples were collected post-mortem from animals already deceased, and no additional ethical approval was required. All biological experiments were performed using protocols approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Egypt, which was approved by the Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Research, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University (specify the approval number: FSC No: 289-25). In all cases, informed written consent was obtained from each participant. Permission was given to use hum

: Blood and urine samples were provided from Benha Hospital University, Benha, Egypt, whereas tissue and fecal samples from rats were obtained from the Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

: The authors declare no competing interests.