Milandri, Elisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-3590
Di Lecce, Roberta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-6406
Iattoni, Chiara Pia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6557-3555
Armirotti, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-8755
Vovk, Tomaž https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-4807
Mandrioli, Roberto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-591X
Protti, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4957
Mercolini, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-9461
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università di Bologna (RFO 2024)
Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Capillary blood samples were collected from healthy adult volunteers after obtaining their written informed consent. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee. Ethical approval was deemed unnecessary for this study since the samples were anonymised, exclusively used for method development and validation, and no clinical information or patient data were collected or analysed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.