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GSH and CES2 dual-responsive biosensor for dual-signal electron spin resonance (ESR) sensing and free radical-enhanced triple-mode therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06250-y

Published Online: 2025-12-04

Published Print: 2026-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lu, Meijun

Zhao, Chen

Ma, Mo

Shi, Hui

Lu, Mingming

Tian, Yuan

Song, Daqian

Zhang, Ziwei
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Jilin Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment (2024-17)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-04

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-04
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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Revised: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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