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Authors
Hunter, Sierra N.
Wang, Mary F.
Thomas, Brittany N.
Filiano, Anthony J.
Muddiman, David C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hartwell Foundation
Larry H. & Gail Miller Family Foundation
Rosenau Family Research Foundation
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM087964)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Revised: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: All experiments performed were in accordance with Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee’s policies.
: Twitcher (#000845) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and bred in-house [ ].
: All mice used in this study were group housed on ventilated racks under standard 12-h light/dark conditions. Mice were fed a 5053 or 5R53 PicoLab Rodent diet with access to water through plumbed Lixit systems, both ad libitum.
: David C. Muddiman is a part-owner of MSI Software Solutions, LLC, which produces MSiReader software used in these analyses. David C. Muddiman is a member of ABC’s International Advisory Board but was not involved in the peer review of this paper. The authors declare no other competing financial interests or any non-financial conflicts.
