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Authors
Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-7705
Ivanova, Anna A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-6240
Drinkard, Lauren E.
Schieltz, David M. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8016-0961
Jones, Jeffrey I.
Bierbaum, Kevin
Toth, Christopher A.
Gardner, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-2010
Parks, Bryan A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-873X
Andrews, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-909X
Kusovschi, Jennifer D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-2454
Sultan, Jack A.
Lehtikoski, Antony
Rees, Jon C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-0219
Santana, Wanda I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-6732
Connor, Victoria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0887-9091
Leszczynski, Eric C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-7374
McGarrah, Robert W. III
Sarzynski, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-0668
Kraus, William E.
Barr, John R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-2175
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Revised: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: Use of CATHGEN biospecimens and data was approved by the Duke University Health System Institutional Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Human plasma samples were obtained from the CATHGEN biorepository at Duke University Medical Center, collected during diagnostic coronary artery catheterization procedures, under Institutional Review Board approval and with informed consent from all participants.
: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
