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Authors
Taoussi, Omayema https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0633-2117
Carlier, Jeremy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-9518
Gameli, Prince S. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3194-3250
Huppertz, Laura M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-5469
Bambagiotti, Giulia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8890-8677
Tavoletta, Francesco https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6452-5880
Tini, Anastasio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-8038
Berardinelli, Diletta https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3005-5825
Busardò, Francesco P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-4532
Auwärter, Volker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2804
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università Politecnica delle Marche
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Revised: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: Human biological samples were submitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg for routine toxicological analysis. No personal or identifying data such as gender, age, body weight, amount and timing of intake, co-ingestion of other substances, or storage conditions were available. In vitro experiments were conducted using pooled human hepatocytes obtained from commercial sources. No animal experiments were performed in this study.
: The study was performed exclusively on anonymized biological postmortem samples originally collected for routine clinical or forensic toxicological purposes. As the analyses were performed within routine casework and no additional sampling or identifiable data were involved, no ethical approval or additional informed consent was required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
