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Authors
Gambetta Vianna, Julia
Ceccardi, Erica
Benedetti, Barbara
Oh, Jung-Keun
Di Carro, Marina
Pizzini, Sarah
Magi, Emanuele
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, National Program of Research in Antarctica, Italy (PNRA18_00216-B2)
Università degli Studi di Genova
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Revised: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: This research did not involve direct experimentation on humans or invasive procedures on vertebrate animals; therefore, no opinion was requested from an ethics committee.
: Sampling activities were conducted in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines for the protection of the environment and the welfare of Antarctic organisms.
: The biological samples analyzed consist of Antarctic benthic species, collected by researchers at Jang Bogo Station in full compliance with international regulations and measures to protect local fauna.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
