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Authors
Han, Qinshuo
Sheng, Guihua
Bai, Haimei
Xu, Xiaoyu
Wei, Xinlin
Zhou, Quancheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-7758
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Program Project (2019GNC106084, 2019GNC106084, 2019GNC106084, 2019GNC106084, 2019GNC106084, 2019GNC106084)
the 2022 Postgraduate Teaching Case Bank for Professional Degrees in Shandong Province (4053-221033, 4053-221033, 4053-221033, 4053-221033, 4053-221033, 4053-221033)
the Innovation Research Fund of Shandong University of Technology, Zhaoyuan Industrial Technology Research Institute (9101-2212401; 9101-220193, 9101-2212401; 9101-220193, 9101-2212401; 9101-220193, 9101-2212401; 9101-220193, 9101-2212401; 9101-220193, 9101-2212401; 9101-220193)
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Revised: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Unfortunately, our university doesn't have a research ethics committee that can grant ethical approval exemptions. However, in accordance with Article 32 of China's 2023 Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, this sensory evaluation study meets the criteria for ethical review exemption. The research does not involve germ cells, embryos, reproductive cloning, chimeras, or heritable gene editing; causes no harm to participants; and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. The study adheres to the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments. Informed consent has been obtained from all participants, and the relevant statements have been included in the manuscript. This study involved sensory analyses conducted by a trained panel, and it adhered to the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants were provided with an information sheet detailing the nature of their involvement. This information sheet described the study procedures, potential risks, and participants' rights. Participants were explicitly informed of their right to decline participation in the study or to withdraw their consent at any stage without facing any negative consequences. While there was no formal ethics committee available, the research followed the principles and guidelines set forth in the Helsinki Declaration to ensure the ethical treatment of participants.
: This study involved human participants. All participants involved in the sensory evaluation have no financial or non-financial interests related to this study. They volunteered to participate in the evaluation free of charge, contributing to the advancement of the research.
